Success rate of current human-derived gastric cancer organoids establishment and influencing factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Human-derived gastric cancer organoids (GCOs) are widely used in gastric cancer research; however, the culture success rate is generally low. AIM: To explore the potential influencing factors, and the literature on successful culture rates of GCOs was reviewed using meta-analysis. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for studies. Two trained researchers selected the studies and extracted data. STATA 17.0 software was used for meta-analysis of the incidence of each outcome event. The adjusted Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to detect publication bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex, tissue source, histological classification, and the pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) cancer staging system. RESULTS: Eight studies with a pooled success rate of 66.6% were included. GCOs derived from women and men had success rates of 67% and 46.7%, respectively. GCOs from surgery or biopsy/endoscopic submucosal dissection showed success rates of 70.9% and 53.7%, respectively. GCOs of poorly-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and signet-ring cell cancer showed success rates of 64.6%, 31%, and 32.7%, respectively. GCOs with pTNM stages I-II and III-IV showed success rates of 38.3% and 65.2%, respectively. Y-27632 and non-Y-27632 use showed success rates of 58.2% and 70%, respectively. GCOs generated with collagenase were more successful than those constructed with Liberase TH and TrypLE (72.1% vs 71%, respectively). EDTA digestion showed a 50% lower success rate than other methods (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: GCO establishment rate is low and varies by sex, tissue source, histological type, and pTNM stage. Omitting Y-27632, and using Liberase TH, TrypLE, or collagenase yields greater success than EDTA.

Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023.

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published. AIM: To analyze and understand the development, impact, and direction of gastric organoid research using bibliometric methods using data from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. METHODS: This analysis encompassed literature pertaining to gastric organoids published between 2010 and 2023, as indexed in the WoSCC. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to depict network maps illustrating collaborations among authors, institutions and keywords related to gastric organoid. Citation, co-citation, and burst analysis methodologies were applied to assess the impact and progress of research. RESULTS: A total of 656 relevant studies were evaluated. The majority of research was published in gastroenterology-focused journals. Globally, Yana Zavros, Hans Clevers, James M Wells, Sina Bartfeld, and Chen Zheng were the 5 most productive authors, while Hans Clevers, Huch Meritxell, Johan H van Es, Marc Van de Wetering, and Sato Toshiro were the foremost influential scientists in this area. Institutions from the University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands Institute for Developmental Biology (Utrecht), and University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, United States) made the most significant contributions. Currently, gastric organoids are used mainly in studies investigating gastric cancer (GC), Helicobacter pylori-infective gastritis, with a focus on the mechanisms of GC, and drug screening tests. CONCLUSION: Key focus areas of research using gastric organoids include unraveling disease mechanisms and enhancing drug screening techniques. Major contributions from renowned academic institutions highlight this field's dynamic growth.

Short-term effect of particulate matter on lung function and impulse oscillometry system (IOS) parameters of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Beijing, China.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between particulate matter (PM), lung function and Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and identity effects between different regions in Beijing, China. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we recruited 1348 outpatients who visited hospitals between January 2016 and December 2019. Ambient air pollutant data were obtained from the central monitoring stations nearest the participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the effect of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) exposure on lung function and IOS parameters using a multiple linear regression model, adjusting for sex, smoking history, education level, age, body mass index (BMI), mean temperature, and relative humidity . RESULTS: The results showed a relationship between PM2.5, lung function and IOS parameters. An increase of 10 µg/m3 in PM2.5 was associated with a decline of 2.083% (95% CI: -3.047 to - 1.103) in forced expiratory volume in one second /predict (FEV1%pred), a decline of 193 ml/s (95% CI: -258 to - 43) in peak expiratory flow (PEF), a decline of 0.932% (95% CI: -1.518 to - 0.342) in maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF); an increase of 0.732 Hz (95% CI: 0.313 to 1.148) in resonant frequency (Fres), an increase of 36 kpa/(ml/s) (95% CI: 14 to 57) in impedance at 5 Hz (Z5) and an increase of 31 kpa/(ml/s) (95% CI: 2 to 54) in respiratory impedance at 5 Hz (R5). Compared to patients in the central district, those in the southern district had lower FEV1/FVC, FEV1%pred, PEF, FEF75%, MMEF, X5, and higher Fres, Z5 and R5 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with reductions in lung function indices and an increase in IOS results in patients with COPD. The heavier the PM2.5, the more severe of COPD.

Osj10gBTF3-Mediated Import of Chloroplast Protein Is Essential for Pollen Development in Rice.

Chloroplasts are crucial organelles for the generation of fatty acids and starch required for plant development. Nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) proteins have been implicated in development as transcription factors. However, their chaperone roles in chloroplasts and their relationship with pollen development in plants remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that Osj10gBTF3, a NAC protein, regulates pollen and chloroplast development in rice by coordinating with a Hsp90 family chaperone OsHSP82 to mediate chloroplast import. Knockout of Osj10gBTF3 affects pollen and chloroplast development and significantly reduces the accumulation of fertility-related chloroplast protein OsPPR676. Both Osj10gBTF3 and OsHSP82 interact with OsPPR676. Interestingly, the interaction between OsHSP82 and OsPPR676 is only found in the cytoplasm, while the interaction between Osj10gBTF3 and OsPPR676 also occurs inside the chloroplast. The chloroplast stroma chaperone OsCpn60 can also be co-precipitated with Osj10gBTF3, but not with OsHSP82. Further investigation indicates that Osj10gBTF3 enters the chloroplast stroma possibly through the inner chloroplast membrane channel protein Tic110 and then recruits OsCpn60 for the folding or assembly of OsPPR676. Our results reveal a chaperone role of Osj10gBTF3 in chloroplast import different from Hsp90 and provide a link between chloroplast transport and pollen development in rice.

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome prevalence, incidence, and mortality in China, 1990 to 2017: a secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 data.

BACKGROUND: Despite almost two decades of well-funded and comprehensive response efforts by the Chinese Government, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major problem in China. Yet, few studies have recently examined long-term trends in HIV/AIDS prevalence, incidence, and mortality at the national level. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and mortality trends for HIV/AIDS over the past 28 years in China. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, epidemiological, secondary analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 data. To evaluate trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality over the study period from 1990 to 2017, we calculated values for annual percentage change (APC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS: A significant increase in HIV/AIDS prevalence was observed for 1990 to 2009 (APC: 10.7; 95% CI: 10.4, 11.0; P < 0.001), and then remained stable for 2009 to 2017 (APC: 0.7; 95% CI: -0.3, 1.7; P = 0.1). A significant increase in HIV incidence was also observed for 1990 to 2005 (APC: 13.0; 95% CI: 12.6, 13.4; P < 0.001), and then a significant decrease was detected for 2005 to 2017 (APC: -6.5; 95% CI: -7.0, -6.1; P < 0.001). A significant increase in AIDS-related mortality rate was detected for 1990 to 2004 (APC: 10.3; 95% CI: 9.3, 11.3; P < 0.001), followed by a period of stability for 2004 to 2013 (APC: 1.3; 95% CI: -0.7, 3.3; P = 0.2), and then another significant increase for 2013 to 2017 (APC: 15.3; 95% CI: 8.7, 22.2; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although prevalence has stabilized and incidence has declined, AIDS-related mortality has risen sharply in recent years. These findings suggest more must be done to bring people into treatment earlier, retain them in treatment more effectively, actively seek to reenter them in treatment if they dropout, and improve the quality of treatment and care regimens.

MiR-146a modulates macrophage polarization by inhibiting Notch1 pathway in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic cells which are able to undergo dynamic transition between M1 and M2 polarized phenotypes in response to the microenvironment signals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization are still obscure. In the current study, it was revealed that miR-146a might play a pivotal role in macrophage polarization. As our results indicated, miR-146a was highly expressed in M2 macrophages rather than M1 macrophages. Over-expression of miR-146a resulted in significantly decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including iNOS and TNF-α in M1 macrophages, while increased production of M2 marker genes such as Arg1 and CD206 in M2 macrophages. In contrast, knockdown of miR-146a promoted M1 macrophage polarization but diminished M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, it was revealed that miR-146a modulated macrophage polarization by targeting Notch1. Of note, PPARγ was responsible as another target for miR-146a-mediated macrophage polarization. Taken together, it was suggested that miR-146a might serve as a molecular regulator in macrophage polarization and is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.

Identification of the post-polyketide synthase modification enzymes for fostriecin biosynthesis in Streptomyces pulveraceus.

Fostriecin (FST, 1) is a natural product with promising antitumor activity produced by Streptomyces pulveraceus. Its antitumor activity is associated with the selective inhibition of protein phosphatase activities. The biosynthetic gene cluster for FST has recently been cloned and sequenced. To better understand the post-polyketide synthase (PKS) modification steps in the biosynthetic pathway of FST, we constructed and characterized three post-PKS modification gene mutants of fosG, fosK, and fosM by knockout inactivation in S. pulveraceus. As a result, we determined that a fosK-encoded cytochrome P450 monooxygenase is responsible for C-18 hydroxylation, formation of an unsaturated lactone is dependent upon FosM, and the fosG gene product is involved in hydroxylation at C-4 after the action of FosM to yield PD 113,271 from FST. The accumulated analogues from the ΔfosK and ΔfosM mutant strains possessed a malonyl ester moiety that suggested that all the post-PKS modification steps in FST biosynthesis occur with the polyketide chain bearing a malonyl ester at the C-3 position, with formation of the unsaturated six-membered lactone as the last step in FST biosynthesis.